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+/** @license MIT License (c) copyright 2013 original author or authors */
+
+/**
+ * Collection of helpers for interfacing with node-style asynchronous functions
+ * using promises.
+ *
+ * @author Brian Cavalier
+ * @contributor Renato Zannon
+ */
+
+(function(define) {
+define(function(require) {
+
+	var when = require('./when');
+	var _liftAll = require('./lib/liftAll');
+	var setTimer = require('./lib/env').setTimer;
+	var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+	var _apply = require('./lib/apply')(when.Promise, dispatch);
+
+	return {
+		lift: lift,
+		liftAll: liftAll,
+		apply: apply,
+		call: call,
+		createCallback: createCallback,
+		bindCallback: bindCallback,
+		liftCallback: liftCallback
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a node-style async function and calls it immediately (with an optional
+	 * array of arguments or promises for arguments). It returns a promise whose
+	 * resolution depends on whether the async functions calls its callback with the
+	 * conventional error argument or not.
+	 *
+	 * With this it becomes possible to leverage existing APIs while still reaping
+	 * the benefits of promises.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *    function onlySmallNumbers(n, callback) {
+	 *		if(n < 10) {
+	 *			callback(null, n + 10);
+	 *		} else {
+	 *			callback(new Error("Calculation failed"));
+	 *		}
+	 *	}
+	 *
+	 *    var nodefn = require("when/node/function");
+	 *
+	 *    // Logs '15'
+	 *    nodefn.apply(onlySmallNumbers, [5]).then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 *    // Logs 'Calculation failed'
+	 *    nodefn.apply(onlySmallNumbers, [15]).then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 * @param {function} f node-style function that will be called
+	 * @param {Array} [args] array of arguments to func
+	 * @returns {Promise} promise for the value func passes to its callback
+	 */
+	function apply(f, args) {
+		return _apply(f, this, args || []);
+	}
+
+	function dispatch(f, thisArg, args, h) {
+		var cb = createCallback(h);
+		try {
+			switch(args.length) {
+				case 2: f.call(thisArg, args[0], args[1], cb); break;
+				case 1: f.call(thisArg, args[0], cb); break;
+				case 0: f.call(thisArg, cb); break;
+				default:
+					args.push(cb);
+					f.apply(thisArg, args);
+			}
+		} catch(e) {
+			h.reject(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Has the same behavior that {@link apply} has, with the difference that the
+	 * arguments to the function are provided individually, while {@link apply} accepts
+	 * a single array.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *    function sumSmallNumbers(x, y, callback) {
+	 *		var result = x + y;
+	 *		if(result < 10) {
+	 *			callback(null, result);
+	 *		} else {
+	 *			callback(new Error("Calculation failed"));
+	 *		}
+	 *	}
+	 *
+	 *    // Logs '5'
+	 *    nodefn.call(sumSmallNumbers, 2, 3).then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 *    // Logs 'Calculation failed'
+	 *    nodefn.call(sumSmallNumbers, 5, 10).then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 * @param {function} f node-style function that will be called
+	 * @param {...*} [args] arguments that will be forwarded to the function
+	 * @returns {Promise} promise for the value func passes to its callback
+	 */
+	function call(f /*, args... */) {
+		return _apply(f, this, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a node-style function and returns new function that wraps the
+	 * original and, instead of taking a callback, returns a promise. Also, it
+	 * knows how to handle promises given as arguments, waiting for their
+	 * resolution before executing.
+	 *
+	 * Upon execution, the orginal function is executed as well. If it passes
+	 * a truthy value as the first argument to the callback, it will be
+	 * interpreted as an error condition, and the promise will be rejected
+	 * with it. Otherwise, the call is considered a resolution, and the promise
+	 * is resolved with the callback's second argument.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *    var fs = require("fs"), nodefn = require("when/node/function");
+	 *
+	 *    var promiseRead = nodefn.lift(fs.readFile);
+	 *
+	 *    // The promise is resolved with the contents of the file if everything
+	 *    // goes ok
+	 *    promiseRead('exists.txt').then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 *    // And will be rejected if something doesn't work out
+	 *    // (e.g. the files does not exist)
+	 *    promiseRead('doesnt_exist.txt').then(console.log, console.error);
+	 *
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} f node-style function to be lifted
+	 * @param {...*} [args] arguments to be prepended for the new function @deprecated
+	 * @returns {Function} a promise-returning function
+	 */
+	function lift(f /*, args... */) {
+		var args1 = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call(arguments, 1) : [];
+		return function() {
+			// TODO: Simplify once partialing has been removed
+			var l = args1.length;
+			var al = arguments.length;
+			var args = new Array(al + l);
+			var i;
+			for(i=0; i<l; ++i) {
+				args[i] = args1[i];
+			}
+			for(i=0; i<al; ++i) {
+				args[i+l] = arguments[i];
+			}
+			return _apply(f, this, args);
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Lift all the functions/methods on src
+	 * @param {object|function} src source whose functions will be lifted
+	 * @param {function?} combine optional function for customizing the lifting
+	 *  process. It is passed dst, the lifted function, and the property name of
+	 *  the original function on src.
+	 * @param {(object|function)?} dst option destination host onto which to place lifted
+	 *  functions. If not provided, liftAll returns a new object.
+	 * @returns {*} If dst is provided, returns dst with lifted functions as
+	 *  properties.  If dst not provided, returns a new object with lifted functions.
+	 */
+	function liftAll(src, combine, dst) {
+		return _liftAll(lift, combine, dst, src);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes an object that responds to the resolver interface, and returns
+	 * a function that will resolve or reject it depending on how it is called.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *	function callbackTakingFunction(callback) {
+	 *		if(somethingWrongHappened) {
+	 *			callback(error);
+	 *		} else {
+	 *			callback(null, interestingValue);
+	 *		}
+	 *	}
+	 *
+	 *	var when = require('when'), nodefn = require('when/node/function');
+	 *
+	 *	var deferred = when.defer();
+	 *	callbackTakingFunction(nodefn.createCallback(deferred.resolver));
+	 *
+	 *	deferred.promise.then(function(interestingValue) {
+	 *		// Use interestingValue
+	 *	});
+	 *
+	 * @param {Resolver} resolver that will be 'attached' to the callback
+	 * @returns {Function} a node-style callback function
+	 */
+	function createCallback(resolver) {
+		return function(err, value) {
+			if(err) {
+				resolver.reject(err);
+			} else if(arguments.length > 2) {
+				resolver.resolve(slice.call(arguments, 1));
+			} else {
+				resolver.resolve(value);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Attaches a node-style callback to a promise, ensuring the callback is
+	 * called for either fulfillment or rejection. Returns a promise with the same
+	 * state as the passed-in promise.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *	var deferred = when.defer();
+	 *
+	 *	function callback(err, value) {
+	 *		// Handle err or use value
+	 *	}
+	 *
+	 *	bindCallback(deferred.promise, callback);
+	 *
+	 *	deferred.resolve('interesting value');
+	 *
+	 * @param {Promise} promise The promise to be attached to.
+	 * @param {Function} callback The node-style callback to attach.
+	 * @returns {Promise} A promise with the same state as the passed-in promise.
+	 */
+	function bindCallback(promise, callback) {
+		promise = when(promise);
+
+		if (callback) {
+			promise.then(success, wrapped);
+		}
+
+		return promise;
+
+		function success(value) {
+			wrapped(null, value);
+		}
+
+		function wrapped(err, value) {
+			setTimer(function () {
+				callback(err, value);
+			}, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a node-style callback and returns new function that accepts a
+	 * promise, calling the original callback when the promise is either
+	 * fulfilled or rejected with the appropriate arguments.
+	 *
+	 * @example
+	 *	var deferred = when.defer();
+	 *
+	 *	function callback(err, value) {
+	 *		// Handle err or use value
+	 *	}
+	 *
+	 *	var wrapped = liftCallback(callback);
+	 *
+	 *	// `wrapped` can now be passed around at will
+	 *	wrapped(deferred.promise);
+	 *
+	 *	deferred.resolve('interesting value');
+	 *
+	 * @param {Function} callback The node-style callback to wrap.
+	 * @returns {Function} The lifted, promise-accepting function.
+	 */
+	function liftCallback(callback) {
+		return function(promise) {
+			return bindCallback(promise, callback);
+		};
+	}
+});
+
+})(typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define : function (factory) { module.exports = factory(require); });
+
+
+