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authorFlorian Dold <florian.dold@gmail.com>2017-05-24 15:10:37 +0200
committerFlorian Dold <florian.dold@gmail.com>2017-05-24 15:11:17 +0200
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+# ShellJS - Unix shell commands for Node.js
+
+[![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/nwjs/nw.js.svg?style=flat-square)](https://gitter.im/shelljs/shelljs?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+[![Travis](https://img.shields.io/travis/shelljs/shelljs/master.svg?style=flat-square&label=unix)](https://travis-ci.org/shelljs/shelljs)
+[![AppVeyor](https://img.shields.io/appveyor/ci/shelljs/shelljs/master.svg?style=flat-square&label=windows)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/shelljs/shelljs/branch/master)
+[![Codecov](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/shelljs/shelljs/master.svg?style=flat-square&label=coverage)](https://codecov.io/gh/shelljs/shelljs)
+[![npm version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/shelljs.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/shelljs)
+[![npm downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/shelljs.svg?style=flat-square)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/shelljs)
+
+ShellJS is a portable **(Windows/Linux/OS X)** implementation of Unix shell
+commands on top of the Node.js API. You can use it to eliminate your shell
+script's dependency on Unix while still keeping its familiar and powerful
+commands. You can also install it globally so you can run it from outside Node
+projects - say goodbye to those gnarly Bash scripts!
+
+ShellJS is proudly tested on every node release since `v0.11`!
+
+The project is [unit-tested](http://travis-ci.org/shelljs/shelljs) and battle-tested in projects like:
+
++ [PDF.js](http://github.com/mozilla/pdf.js) - Firefox's next-gen PDF reader
++ [Firebug](http://getfirebug.com/) - Firefox's infamous debugger
++ [JSHint](http://jshint.com) & [ESLint](http://eslint.org/) - popular JavaScript linters
++ [Zepto](http://zeptojs.com) - jQuery-compatible JavaScript library for modern browsers
++ [Yeoman](http://yeoman.io/) - Web application stack and development tool
++ [Deployd.com](http://deployd.com) - Open source PaaS for quick API backend generation
++ And [many more](https://npmjs.org/browse/depended/shelljs).
+
+If you have feedback, suggestions, or need help, feel free to post in our [issue
+tracker](https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs/issues).
+
+Think ShellJS is cool? Check out some related projects in our [Wiki
+page](https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs/wiki)!
+
+Upgrading from an older version? Check out our [breaking
+changes](https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs/wiki/Breaking-Changes) page to see
+what changes to watch out for while upgrading.
+
+## Command line use
+
+If you just want cross platform UNIX commands, checkout our new project
+[shelljs/shx](https://github.com/shelljs/shx), a utility to expose `shelljs` to
+the command line.
+
+For example:
+
+```
+$ shx mkdir -p foo
+$ shx touch foo/bar.txt
+$ shx rm -rf foo
+```
+
+## A quick note about the docs
+
+For documentation on all the latest features, check out our
+[README](https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs). To read docs that are consistent
+with the latest release, check out [the npm
+page](https://www.npmjs.com/package/shelljs) or
+[shelljs.org](http://documentup.com/shelljs/shelljs).
+
+## Installing
+
+Via npm:
+
+```bash
+$ npm install [-g] shelljs
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+```javascript
+var shell = require('shelljs');
+
+if (!shell.which('git')) {
+ shell.echo('Sorry, this script requires git');
+ shell.exit(1);
+}
+
+// Copy files to release dir
+shell.rm('-rf', 'out/Release');
+shell.cp('-R', 'stuff/', 'out/Release');
+
+// Replace macros in each .js file
+shell.cd('lib');
+shell.ls('*.js').forEach(function (file) {
+ shell.sed('-i', 'BUILD_VERSION', 'v0.1.2', file);
+ shell.sed('-i', /^.*REMOVE_THIS_LINE.*$/, '', file);
+ shell.sed('-i', /.*REPLACE_LINE_WITH_MACRO.*\n/, shell.cat('macro.js'), file);
+});
+shell.cd('..');
+
+// Run external tool synchronously
+if (shell.exec('git commit -am "Auto-commit"').code !== 0) {
+ shell.echo('Error: Git commit failed');
+ shell.exit(1);
+}
+```
+
+## Global vs. Local
+
+We no longer recommend using a global-import for ShellJS (i.e.
+`require('shelljs/global')`). While still supported for convenience, this
+pollutes the global namespace, and should therefore only be used with caution.
+
+Instead, we recommend a local import (standard for npm packages):
+
+```javascript
+var shell = require('shelljs');
+shell.echo('hello world');
+```
+
+<!-- DO NOT MODIFY BEYOND THIS POINT - IT'S AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED -->
+
+
+## Command reference
+
+
+All commands run synchronously, unless otherwise stated.
+All commands accept standard bash globbing characters (`*`, `?`, etc.),
+compatible with the [node glob module](https://github.com/isaacs/node-glob).
+
+For less-commonly used commands and features, please check out our [wiki
+page](https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs/wiki).
+
+
+### cat(file [, file ...])
+### cat(file_array)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var str = cat('file*.txt');
+var str = cat('file1', 'file2');
+var str = cat(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
+```
+
+Returns a string containing the given file, or a concatenated string
+containing the files if more than one file is given (a new line character is
+introduced between each file).
+
+
+### cd([dir])
+Changes to directory `dir` for the duration of the script. Changes to home
+directory if no argument is supplied.
+
+
+### chmod([options,] octal_mode || octal_string, file)
+### chmod([options,] symbolic_mode, file)
+
+Available options:
+
++ `-v`: output a diagnostic for every file processed
++ `-c`: like verbose but report only when a change is made
++ `-R`: change files and directories recursively
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+chmod(755, '/Users/brandon');
+chmod('755', '/Users/brandon'); // same as above
+chmod('u+x', '/Users/brandon');
+chmod('-R', 'a-w', '/Users/brandon');
+```
+
+Alters the permissions of a file or directory by either specifying the
+absolute permissions in octal form or expressing the changes in symbols.
+This command tries to mimic the POSIX behavior as much as possible.
+Notable exceptions:
+
++ In symbolic modes, 'a-r' and '-r' are identical. No consideration is
+ given to the umask.
++ There is no "quiet" option since default behavior is to run silent.
+
+
+### cp([options,] source [, source ...], dest)
+### cp([options,] source_array, dest)
+Available options:
+
++ `-f`: force (default behavior)
++ `-n`: no-clobber
++ `-u`: only copy if source is newer than dest
++ `-r`, `-R`: recursive
++ `-L`: follow symlinks
++ `-P`: don't follow symlinks
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+cp('file1', 'dir1');
+cp('-R', 'path/to/dir/', '~/newCopy/');
+cp('-Rf', '/tmp/*', '/usr/local/*', '/home/tmp');
+cp('-Rf', ['/tmp/*', '/usr/local/*'], '/home/tmp'); // same as above
+```
+
+Copies files.
+
+
+### pushd([options,] [dir | '-N' | '+N'])
+
+Available options:
+
++ `-n`: Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+
+Arguments:
+
++ `dir`: Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then executes the equivalent of `cd dir`.
++ `+N`: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the stack.
++ `-N`: Brings the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs, starting with zero) to the top of the list by rotating the stack.
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+// process.cwd() === '/usr'
+pushd('/etc'); // Returns /etc /usr
+pushd('+1'); // Returns /usr /etc
+```
+
+Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack and then cd to `dir`. With no arguments, pushd exchanges the top two directories. Returns an array of paths in the stack.
+
+### popd([options,] ['-N' | '+N'])
+
+Available options:
+
++ `-n`: Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+
+Arguments:
+
++ `+N`: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs), starting with zero.
++ `-N`: Removes the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs), starting with zero.
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+echo(process.cwd()); // '/usr'
+pushd('/etc'); // '/etc /usr'
+echo(process.cwd()); // '/etc'
+popd(); // '/usr'
+echo(process.cwd()); // '/usr'
+```
+
+When no arguments are given, popd removes the top directory from the stack and performs a cd to the new top directory. The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with dirs; i.e., popd is equivalent to popd +0. Returns an array of paths in the stack.
+
+### dirs([options | '+N' | '-N'])
+
+Available options:
+
++ `-c`: Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
+
+Arguments:
+
++ `+N`: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting with zero.
++ `-N`: Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the list printed by dirs when invoked without options), starting with zero.
+
+Display the list of currently remembered directories. Returns an array of paths in the stack, or a single path if +N or -N was specified.
+
+See also: pushd, popd
+
+
+### echo([options,] string [, string ...])
+Available options:
+
++ `-e`: interpret backslash escapes (default)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+echo('hello world');
+var str = echo('hello world');
+```
+
+Prints string to stdout, and returns string with additional utility methods
+like `.to()`.
+
+
+### exec(command [, options] [, callback])
+Available options (all `false` by default):
+
++ `async`: Asynchronous execution. If a callback is provided, it will be set to
+ `true`, regardless of the passed value.
++ `silent`: Do not echo program output to console.
++ and any option available to Node.js's
+ [child_process.exec()](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_exec_command_options_callback)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var version = exec('node --version', {silent:true}).stdout;
+
+var child = exec('some_long_running_process', {async:true});
+child.stdout.on('data', function(data) {
+ /* ... do something with data ... */
+});
+
+exec('some_long_running_process', function(code, stdout, stderr) {
+ console.log('Exit code:', code);
+ console.log('Program output:', stdout);
+ console.log('Program stderr:', stderr);
+});
+```
+
+Executes the given `command` _synchronously_, unless otherwise specified. When in synchronous
+mode, this returns a ShellString (compatible with ShellJS v0.6.x, which returns an object
+of the form `{ code:..., stdout:... , stderr:... }`). Otherwise, this returns the child process
+object, and the `callback` gets the arguments `(code, stdout, stderr)`.
+
+Not seeing the behavior you want? `exec()` runs everything through `sh`
+by default (or `cmd.exe` on Windows), which differs from `bash`. If you
+need bash-specific behavior, try out the `{shell: 'path/to/bash'}` option.
+
+**Note:** For long-lived processes, it's best to run `exec()` asynchronously as
+the current synchronous implementation uses a lot of CPU. This should be getting
+fixed soon.
+
+
+### find(path [, path ...])
+### find(path_array)
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+find('src', 'lib');
+find(['src', 'lib']); // same as above
+find('.').filter(function(file) { return file.match(/\.js$/); });
+```
+
+Returns array of all files (however deep) in the given paths.
+
+The main difference from `ls('-R', path)` is that the resulting file names
+include the base directories, e.g. `lib/resources/file1` instead of just `file1`.
+
+
+### grep([options,] regex_filter, file [, file ...])
+### grep([options,] regex_filter, file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-v`: Inverse the sense of the regex and print the lines not matching the criteria.
++ `-l`: Print only filenames of matching files
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+grep('-v', 'GLOBAL_VARIABLE', '*.js');
+grep('GLOBAL_VARIABLE', '*.js');
+```
+
+Reads input string from given files and returns a string containing all lines of the
+file that match the given `regex_filter`.
+
+
+### head([{'-n': \<num\>},] file [, file ...])
+### head([{'-n': \<num\>},] file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-n <num>`: Show the first `<num>` lines of the files
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var str = head({'-n': 1}, 'file*.txt');
+var str = head('file1', 'file2');
+var str = head(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
+```
+
+Read the start of a file.
+
+
+### ln([options,] source, dest)
+Available options:
+
++ `-s`: symlink
++ `-f`: force
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+ln('file', 'newlink');
+ln('-sf', 'file', 'existing');
+```
+
+Links source to dest. Use -f to force the link, should dest already exist.
+
+
+### ls([options,] [path, ...])
+### ls([options,] path_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-R`: recursive
++ `-A`: all files (include files beginning with `.`, except for `.` and `..`)
++ `-L`: follow symlinks
++ `-d`: list directories themselves, not their contents
++ `-l`: list objects representing each file, each with fields containing `ls
+ -l` output fields. See
+ [fs.Stats](https://nodejs.org/api/fs.html#fs_class_fs_stats)
+ for more info
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+ls('projs/*.js');
+ls('-R', '/users/me', '/tmp');
+ls('-R', ['/users/me', '/tmp']); // same as above
+ls('-l', 'file.txt'); // { name: 'file.txt', mode: 33188, nlink: 1, ...}
+```
+
+Returns array of files in the given path, or in current directory if no path provided.
+
+
+### mkdir([options,] dir [, dir ...])
+### mkdir([options,] dir_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-p`: full path (will create intermediate dirs if necessary)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+mkdir('-p', '/tmp/a/b/c/d', '/tmp/e/f/g');
+mkdir('-p', ['/tmp/a/b/c/d', '/tmp/e/f/g']); // same as above
+```
+
+Creates directories.
+
+
+### mv([options ,] source [, source ...], dest')
+### mv([options ,] source_array, dest')
+Available options:
+
++ `-f`: force (default behavior)
++ `-n`: no-clobber
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+mv('-n', 'file', 'dir/');
+mv('file1', 'file2', 'dir/');
+mv(['file1', 'file2'], 'dir/'); // same as above
+```
+
+Moves files.
+
+
+### pwd()
+Returns the current directory.
+
+
+### rm([options,] file [, file ...])
+### rm([options,] file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-f`: force
++ `-r, -R`: recursive
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+rm('-rf', '/tmp/*');
+rm('some_file.txt', 'another_file.txt');
+rm(['some_file.txt', 'another_file.txt']); // same as above
+```
+
+Removes files.
+
+
+### sed([options,] search_regex, replacement, file [, file ...])
+### sed([options,] search_regex, replacement, file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-i`: Replace contents of 'file' in-place. _Note that no backups will be created!_
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+sed('-i', 'PROGRAM_VERSION', 'v0.1.3', 'source.js');
+sed(/.*DELETE_THIS_LINE.*\n/, '', 'source.js');
+```
+
+Reads an input string from `files` and performs a JavaScript `replace()` on the input
+using the given search regex and replacement string or function. Returns the new string after replacement.
+
+Note:
+
+Like unix `sed`, ShellJS `sed` supports capture groups. Capture groups are specified
+using the `$n` syntax:
+
+```javascript
+sed(/(\w+)\s(\w+)/, '$2, $1', 'file.txt');
+```
+
+
+### set(options)
+Available options:
+
++ `+/-e`: exit upon error (`config.fatal`)
++ `+/-v`: verbose: show all commands (`config.verbose`)
++ `+/-f`: disable filename expansion (globbing)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+set('-e'); // exit upon first error
+set('+e'); // this undoes a "set('-e')"
+```
+
+Sets global configuration variables
+
+
+### sort([options,] file [, file ...])
+### sort([options,] file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-r`: Reverse the result of comparisons
++ `-n`: Compare according to numerical value
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+sort('foo.txt', 'bar.txt');
+sort('-r', 'foo.txt');
+```
+
+Return the contents of the files, sorted line-by-line. Sorting multiple
+files mixes their content, just like unix sort does.
+
+
+### tail([{'-n': \<num\>},] file [, file ...])
+### tail([{'-n': \<num\>},] file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-n <num>`: Show the last `<num>` lines of the files
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var str = tail({'-n': 1}, 'file*.txt');
+var str = tail('file1', 'file2');
+var str = tail(['file1', 'file2']); // same as above
+```
+
+Read the end of a file.
+
+
+### tempdir()
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var tmp = tempdir(); // "/tmp" for most *nix platforms
+```
+
+Searches and returns string containing a writeable, platform-dependent temporary directory.
+Follows Python's [tempfile algorithm](http://docs.python.org/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.tempdir).
+
+
+### test(expression)
+Available expression primaries:
+
++ `'-b', 'path'`: true if path is a block device
++ `'-c', 'path'`: true if path is a character device
++ `'-d', 'path'`: true if path is a directory
++ `'-e', 'path'`: true if path exists
++ `'-f', 'path'`: true if path is a regular file
++ `'-L', 'path'`: true if path is a symbolic link
++ `'-p', 'path'`: true if path is a pipe (FIFO)
++ `'-S', 'path'`: true if path is a socket
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+if (test('-d', path)) { /* do something with dir */ };
+if (!test('-f', path)) continue; // skip if it's a regular file
+```
+
+Evaluates expression using the available primaries and returns corresponding value.
+
+
+### ShellString.prototype.to(file)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+cat('input.txt').to('output.txt');
+```
+
+Analogous to the redirection operator `>` in Unix, but works with
+ShellStrings (such as those returned by `cat`, `grep`, etc). _Like Unix
+redirections, `to()` will overwrite any existing file!_
+
+
+### ShellString.prototype.toEnd(file)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+cat('input.txt').toEnd('output.txt');
+```
+
+Analogous to the redirect-and-append operator `>>` in Unix, but works with
+ShellStrings (such as those returned by `cat`, `grep`, etc).
+
+
+### touch([options,] file [, file ...])
+### touch([options,] file_array)
+Available options:
+
++ `-a`: Change only the access time
++ `-c`: Do not create any files
++ `-m`: Change only the modification time
++ `-d DATE`: Parse DATE and use it instead of current time
++ `-r FILE`: Use FILE's times instead of current time
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+touch('source.js');
+touch('-c', '/path/to/some/dir/source.js');
+touch({ '-r': FILE }, '/path/to/some/dir/source.js');
+```
+
+Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
+A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c is supplied.
+This is a partial implementation of *[touch(1)](http://linux.die.net/man/1/touch)*.
+
+
+### uniq([options,] [input, [output]])
+Available options:
+
++ `-i`: Ignore case while comparing
++ `-c`: Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
++ `-d`: Only print duplicate lines, one for each group of identical lines
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+uniq('foo.txt');
+uniq('-i', 'foo.txt');
+uniq('-cd', 'foo.txt', 'bar.txt');
+```
+
+Filter adjacent matching lines from input
+
+
+### which(command)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var nodeExec = which('node');
+```
+
+Searches for `command` in the system's PATH. On Windows, this uses the
+`PATHEXT` variable to append the extension if it's not already executable.
+Returns string containing the absolute path to the command.
+
+
+### exit(code)
+Exits the current process with the given exit code.
+
+### error()
+Tests if error occurred in the last command. Returns a truthy value if an
+error returned and a falsy value otherwise.
+
+**Note**: do not rely on the
+return value to be an error message. If you need the last error message, use
+the `.stderr` attribute from the last command's return value instead.
+
+
+### ShellString(str)
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+var foo = ShellString('hello world');
+```
+
+Turns a regular string into a string-like object similar to what each
+command returns. This has special methods, like `.to()` and `.toEnd()`
+
+
+### env['VAR_NAME']
+Object containing environment variables (both getter and setter). Shortcut
+to process.env.
+
+### Pipes
+
+Examples:
+
+```javascript
+grep('foo', 'file1.txt', 'file2.txt').sed(/o/g, 'a').to('output.txt');
+echo('files with o\'s in the name:\n' + ls().grep('o'));
+cat('test.js').exec('node'); // pipe to exec() call
+```
+
+Commands can send their output to another command in a pipe-like fashion.
+`sed`, `grep`, `cat`, `exec`, `to`, and `toEnd` can appear on the right-hand
+side of a pipe. Pipes can be chained.
+
+## Configuration
+
+
+### config.silent
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+var sh = require('shelljs');
+var silentState = sh.config.silent; // save old silent state
+sh.config.silent = true;
+/* ... */
+sh.config.silent = silentState; // restore old silent state
+```
+
+Suppresses all command output if `true`, except for `echo()` calls.
+Default is `false`.
+
+### config.fatal
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+require('shelljs/global');
+config.fatal = true; // or set('-e');
+cp('this_file_does_not_exist', '/dev/null'); // throws Error here
+/* more commands... */
+```
+
+If `true` the script will throw a Javascript error when any shell.js
+command encounters an error. Default is `false`. This is analogous to
+Bash's `set -e`
+
+### config.verbose
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+config.verbose = true; // or set('-v');
+cd('dir/');
+ls('subdir/');
+```
+
+Will print each command as follows:
+
+```
+cd dir/
+ls subdir/
+```
+
+### config.globOptions
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+config.globOptions = {nodir: true};
+```
+
+Use this value for calls to `glob.sync()` instead of the default options.
+
+### config.reset()
+
+Example:
+
+```javascript
+var shell = require('shelljs');
+// Make changes to shell.config, and do stuff...
+/* ... */
+shell.config.reset(); // reset to original state
+// Do more stuff, but with original settings
+/* ... */
+```
+
+Reset shell.config to the defaults:
+
+```javascript
+{
+ fatal: false,
+ globOptions: {},
+ maxdepth: 255,
+ noglob: false,
+ silent: false,
+ verbose: false,
+}
+```
+
+## Team
+
+| [![Nate Fischer](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5801521?s=130)](https://github.com/nfischer) | [![Brandon Freitag](https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5988055?v=3&s=130)](http://github.com/freitagbr) |
+|:---:|:---:|
+| [Nate Fischer](https://github.com/nfischer) | [Brandon Freitag](http://github.com/freitagbr) |