\documentclass[aspectratio=169,t]{beamer}
\input taler-macros
\usepackage{tabto}

\newcommand{\TITLE}{Digital Freedom meets Digital Payments}
\newcommand{\SUB}{\uncover<2->{How GNU Taler will help funding FLOSS}}
%\newcommand{\SUB}{}
\newcommand{\AUTHOR}{Özgür Kesim}
\newcommand{\SPEAKER}{Özgür Kesim}
\newcommand{\INST}{GNU Taler}
\newcommand{\DATE}{NGI Forum 2025}

% Do not edit this part
\title{\TITLE}
\subtitle{\SUB}
\date{\DATE}
\author[\SPEAKER]{\AUTHOR}
\institute{\INST}

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}[plain]
\maketitle
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}[c,label=thesis]{Thesis}
{}
\textbf<4>{Digital Payments} via
\textbf<5>{GNU Taler} will
\textbf<3>{help strengthen}
\textbf<2>{Digital Freedom}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{Digital Freedom}
	{Core Aspects}

	\begin{itemize}[<+(1)-| alert@+(1)>]
		\item \textbf{Human Rights}\\
			{Extension of fundamental rights into digital spaces\\
			(privacy, expression, assembly, access to information).}
			% The right to privacy, expression, assembly, and access
			% to information in the digital realm, without undue
			% surveillance or censorship.

		\item \textbf{Sovereignty}\\
			{Individual and collective self-determination in cyberspace\\
			(digital identity, communication, participation, interoperation).}
			% Control over one's digital identity, communications,
			% and participation in digital society.

		\item \textbf{Economic}\\
			{Freedom from digital monopolies and rent-seeking\\
			(no vendor lock-in, open supply channels).}
			% The ability to participate in digital markets without
			% being subject to platform lock-in, data extraction,
			% or artificial scarcity.

		\item \textbf{Technical}\\
			{Freedom to run, study, redistribute, and modify \textit{software}\\
			(provided by \alert<6->{\textbf{FLOSS---Free/Libre Open Source Software}})}
			% Freedom to control one's digital tools and data - The
			% ability to use, modify, share, and understand the
			% software and hardware that mediates our digital lives.
			% This aligns directly with the four freedoms of
			% Free Software: run, study, redistribute, and modify.

	\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\NumTabs{9}
\begin{frame}[c]{Digital Freedom}{Stregthening}
	\textbf{Strengthening} Digital Freedom includes
	\begin{itemize}
		\item enabling		\tab (creating \& \alert<2->{\textbf<2->{funding}})
		\item sustaining	\tab (maintaining \& \alert<2->{\textbf<2->{funding}})
		\item protecting	\tab (legal)
	\end{itemize}
	the core aspects.
	\vfill
	\uncover<3->{\textbf{We will focus on FLOSS as representative of Digital Freedom}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{FLOSS}
	{from 20.000ft}

FLOSS = Free/Libre Open Source Software\\
gives users the rights to
\begin{enumerate}
	\item run,
	\item study,
	\item redistribute and
	\item modify it.
\end{enumerate}
\pause
We depend on it. \textbf{FLOSS is everywhere}:\\
\pause
Your smartphone, laptop, online services, bank, goverment,...\\
\pause
\vfill
\large\textbf{How is it funded?}

% The philosophy of FLOSS represents a radical reimagining of how
% software - and by extension, knowledge - should be created and shared
% in society.
%
% Its impact varies dramatically across stakeholders, creating both
% opportunities and challenges that continue to evolve as our digital
% dependency deepens.
\end{frame}

% Funding sources like NGI are emerging - recognition that the
% traditional economic model fails to support the digital infrastructure
% we all depend on.


\begin{frame}{FLOSS Funding}{The Supply Side}

\begin{description}[<+(1)- | alert@+(1)>]
	\item[\sc Large Companies:] longterm, large teams commitments.\\
			\small{F.e.: Browsers, Compilers, Tools, etc}
	\item[\sc Goverment Grants:] National funding programs, EU: NGI.\\
			\small Usually $\sim$60\% of personell costs covered.
	\item[\sc Vendor Stores:] Google PlayStore, Apple AppStore\\
			\small Vendors take a large cut.
	\item[\sc Ad Revenue:] Google Ads etc.\\
			\small Annoying for users, also privacy nightmare
	\item[\sc User Donations:] via paypal, github, gofundme, patreon, etc.\\
			\small Large variance, 0--10.000EUR/month/developer
	\item[\sc Volunteers:] Hobby projects, Students\\
			\small Probably majority of the contributions
\end{description}
\vfill
\uncover<8->{\bf NB: NGI is actually great in funding FLOSS}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{FLOSS Funding}{The Demand Side}
\begin{description}
	\item[Well-funded] projects
	\uncover<2->{
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Linux kernel, Kubernetes, major frameworks
		\item Corporate backing, multiple revenue streams
		\item 1M+ EUR annual budgets, for sure.
	\end{itemize}
	}

	\item[Sustainable] projects
	\uncover<3->{
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Popular tools with some corporate users
		\item Mix of donations, contracts, sponsorships
		\item 50K-500K EUR annual budgets
	\end{itemize}
	}

	\item[Underfunded]<alert@4-> projects
	\uncover<4->{
	\begin{itemize}
		\item Critical dependencies maintained by volunteers
		\item Occasional small donations
		\item $<$10K EUR annual budgets
	\end{itemize}
	}
\end{description}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Wake up calls}{Underfunding Desasters}
\begin{block}{Notable underfunding desasters in the past:}
	\begin{description}[<+(1)->]
		\item[OpenSSL]--- Core library for cryptography and secure communication
		\item[Apache Log4j]--- Widely used logging framework for Java
	\end{description}
\end{block}
\vfill
\only<2>{\it In 2014, a security vulnerability in OpenSSL
	affected ~17\% of all web servers globally.
	Only one full-time developer secured billions of e-commerce.}
\only<3>{\it In 2021, a security vulnerability in Log4J
	affected millions of Java application world wide.
	Maintained primarily by unpaid volunteers.}
\only<4->{Note:\\
	\begin{itemize}[<+->]
		\item those were also severe \textbf{security incidents}
		\item many more examples exist
		% \item majority of underfunded projects are rarely recognized
		\item not only funding, but also problems of\\
			\textbf{governance} and \textbf{non-financial needs}.
	\end{itemize}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{The Sustainability Paradox}
	{}
\begin{block}{Fundamental Tension in FLOSS model}
\begin{itemize}
	\item[$+$] generates enormous value for society and the economy
	\item[$-$] \alert{struggles to capture sufficient value to sustain itself}
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Thesis}{}
\textbf<3->{\alert<4->{Digital Payments}} via
GNU Taler will
\textbf<3->{help}
\textbf<2->{strengthen
Digital Freedom}
\vfill
\uncover<4->{\alert{\bf Why should that help?}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Gedankenexperiment}{\only<2->{4 cases}}
Let's assume:
new Digital (online) Payment scheme enters the market
and reaches critical mass.
% \begin{itemize}
% 	\item new Digital (online) Payment scheme enters the market,
% 	\item and reaches critical mass.
% \end{itemize}
\vfill

\begin{columns}[t]
\begin{column}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
\uncover<2->{\alert<2>{
\begin{block}{\alert<2>{Scheme A)}}
Account based
\end{block}
}}
\end{column}
\begin{column}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
\uncover<3->{\alert<3-4>{
\begin{block}{\alert<3-4>{Scheme B)}}
Anonymous
\end{block}
}}
\end{column}
\begin{column}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
\uncover<5->{\alert<5-6>{
\begin{block}{\alert<5-6>{Scheme C)}}
Micropayments
\end{block}
}}
\end{column}
\begin{column}[t]{0.25\textwidth}
\uncover<7->{\alert<7-8>{
\begin{block}{\alert<7-8>{Scheme D)}}
Microeffort
\end{block}
}}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\begin{block}{}
	\only<4>{\centering \alert{\bf 21\% of donors require anonymity}}
	\only<6>{\centering \alert{\bf Market not even captured yet}}
	\only<8>{\centering \alert{\bf Login loses 25\%, a form field 5\% of users}}
\end{block}

\vfill
\textbf<1>{How much more funding will it generate?}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Gedankenexperiment}{formula}
\begin{columns}
\column{0.5\textwidth}{
\begin{block}{Combined Scheme}
\begin{itemize}
\item anonymous (for buyers)
\item micro payments (and still economical)
\item micro effort (easy to use, easy to integrate)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
}
\column{0.5\textwidth}{
\begin{block}<2->{Expected Effect size}
\begin{itemize}[<+(1)->]
\item 25--50\% increase of \textit{current} volume of donations
\item plus increase through micro payments (of unknown size)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
}
\end{columns}
\vfill
\uncover<4->{
\large\bf
Anonymous Micro--\{Payment \& Effort\}
$\implies$
Macro Effect
}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Thesis}{}
Digital Payments via
\textbf{GNU Taler} will
help strengthen
Digital Freedom
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{GNU Taler}{overview}
\centering
\begin{columns}[b]
\column{0.75\textwidth}{
   \centering\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{taler-diagram-2.png}}
\column{0.25\textwidth}{\noindent
   \small
   Chaum '85,\\ Dold '19,\\ Pioldi\&Levin '25}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{GNU Taler}
	{unique position}

\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.8}{\begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{scope}[blend group = lighten]
    \draw[red,  fill=red!  30!white] ( 90:0.7) ellipse (5cm and 2cm);
    \draw[green,fill=green!30!white] (210:2.0) ellipse (4cm and 2cm);
    \draw[blue, fill=blue! 30!white] (330:2.0) ellipse (4cm and 2cm);
  \end{scope}

  \node at (  90:3) {\bf\color{red!50!black}Privacy};
  \node at ( 190:6) [anchor=east] {\bf\color{green!50!black}Accountability};
  \node at ( -10:6) [anchor=west] {\bf\color{blue!50!black}Practicality};

  \node at (  90:1.5) {Monero}; %~\cite{monero}};
  \node at (  05:1.8) [anchor=west] {Physical Cash};
  \node at ( 175:1.8) [anchor=east] {DigiCash}; %~\cite{chaum1983blind}};
  \node at ( -90:0.5) {\large\bf GNU Taler};
  \node at ( -90:1.9) [align=center] {Bank Accounts\\Credit Cards};
  %\draw[fill=red] (0,0) circle (1mm);
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{center}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Micro Effort}{with GNU Taler}
Let me show you.

\uncover<2->{
\centering
\href{https://www.kesim.org/donate.html}
{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{donation-qr.png}}

{\footnotesize\url{taler://pay-template/backend.demo.taler.net/instances/merchant-8f68f1a7/ngi-forum-2025-support}
}
}

% merchant full name: 	Talk Engine NGI Forum 2025
% merchant-id: 	merchant-8f68f1a7
% access-token/password: 	46067fa05ecb
% taler://pay-template/backend.demo.taler.net/instances/merchant-8f68f1a7/ngi-forum-2025-support
% https://backend.demo.taler.net/instances/merchant-8f68f1a7/templates/ngi-forum-2025-support
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Strengthening FLOSS}{Ideas for cascade funding}

\only<2->{Once GNU Taler becomes operational,
\begin{itemize}[<+(2)->]
	\item FLOSS developers can add a donation link to Release Notes,
	\item upstream developers can share donations via links to downstream,
	\item and this can be fully automated and fully transparent.
\end{itemize}
}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Strengthening Digital Freedom}{needs your support}

\only<2->{Once GNU Taler becomes operational,
\begin{itemize}[<+(2)->]
	\item \textbf{Users} can help by using GNU Taler
	\item \textbf{Merchants} can help by accepting GNU Taler
	\item \textbf{Developers} can help by improving GNU Taler
\end{itemize}
}
\vfill
\uncover<6->{\centering\large\bf\textsc{Success is then Inevitable}! :-)}

\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Conclusion}{}
Digital Payments via
GNU Taler will
help strengthen
Digital Freedom
\uncover<2->{by
\begin{itemize}
  \item helping increase donation volume,
  \item capture the micro payment market,
  \item create compensation networks.
\end{itemize}
\uncover<3->{Hopefully. Soon in the Euro-zone, and beyond.}
\begin{block}<4->{NGI TALER project consortium}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{ngi-taler-logo.png}
\textbf{and your help!}
\end{block}
}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Announcement}{My Talk in 2030}
\pause
\huge\bf
How GNU Taler has strengthened\\
Digital Freedom in the EU
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}[c]{Thank you!}{Questions?}
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{ngi-taler-logo.png}
\end{frame}


% This should be last...
\begin{frame}{Acknowledgments}

  \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth} \ \\
    {\tiny Funded by the European Union (Project 101135475).}

    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{../bandera.jpg}
    \end{center}
  \end{minipage}
  \hfill
  \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
    {\tiny Funded by SERI (HEU-Projekt 101135475-TALER).}

    \begin{center}
      \includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{../sbfi.jpg}
    \end{center}
  \end{minipage}

  \vfill

  {\tiny

    Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only
    and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the
    European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for
    them.

  }
\end{frame}

\end{document}
