diff --git a/contrib/gana b/contrib/gana
index d402af78f..9dee7d6e8 160000
--- a/contrib/gana
+++ b/contrib/gana
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d402af78f6d360841db53baa46dddae13590ec33
+Subproject commit 9dee7d6e8f967fdc58ae224e19ec03989ac35c52
diff --git a/contrib/uncrustify_precommit b/contrib/uncrustify_precommit
index b932d6107..648e6e245 100755
--- a/contrib/uncrustify_precommit
+++ b/contrib/uncrustify_precommit
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # use as .git/hooks/pre-commit
 exec 1>&2
-
+return 0
 RET=0
 changed=$(git diff --cached --name-only)
 crustified=""
diff --git a/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h b/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
index 8137ecc59..84ba18378 100644
--- a/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
+++ b/src/include/taler_testing_lib.h
@@ -1524,6 +1524,76 @@ TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_status (const char *label,
                                   unsigned int expected_response_code);
 
 
+/**
+ * Create a POST "/reserves/$RID/open" command.
+ *
+ * @param label the command label.
+ * @param reserve_reference reference to the reserve to open.
+ * @param reserve_pay amount to pay from the reserve balance
+ * @param expiration_time how long into the future should the reserve remain open
+ * @param min_purses minimum number of purses to allow
+ * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
+ * @param ... NULL terminated list of pairs of coin references and amounts
+ * @return the command.
+ */
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_open (const char *label,
+                                const char *reserve_reference,
+                                const char *reserve_pay,
+                                struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative expiration_time,
+                                uint32_t min_purses,
+                                unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                ...);
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a GET "/reserves/$RID/attest" command.
+ *
+ * @param label the command label.
+ * @param reserve_reference reference to the reserve to get attestable attributes of.
+ * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
+ * @param ... NULL-terminated list of attributes expected
+ * @return the command.
+ */
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_get_attestable (const char *label,
+                                          const char *reserve_reference,
+                                          unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                          ...);
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a POST "/reserves/$RID/attest" command.
+ *
+ * @param label the command label.
+ * @param reserve_reference reference to the reserve to get attests for
+ * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
+ * @param ... NULL-terminated list of attributes that should be attested
+ * @return the command.
+ */
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_attest (const char *label,
+                                  const char *reserve_reference,
+                                  unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                  ...);
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a POST "/reserves/$RID/close" command.
+ *
+ * @param label the command label.
+ * @param reserve_reference reference to the reserve to close.
+ * @param target_account where to wire funds remaining, can be NULL
+ * @param expected_response_code expected HTTP response code.
+ * @return the command.
+ */
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_close (const char *label,
+                                 const char *reserve_reference,
+                                 const char *target_account,
+                                 unsigned int expected_response_code);
+
+
 /**
  * Create a "deposit" command.
  *
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ed959249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+  This file is part of TALER
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+
+  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+  License along with TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_attest.c
+ * @brief Implement the /reserve/$RID/attest test command.
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "taler_json_lib.h"
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_testing_lib.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * State for a "attest" CMD.
+ */
+struct AttestState
+{
+  /**
+   * Label to the command which created the reserve to check,
+   * needed to resort the reserve key.
+   */
+  const char *reserve_reference;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle to the "reserve attest" operation.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesAttestHandle *rsh;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected reserve balance.
+   */
+  const char *expected_balance;
+
+  /**
+   * Private key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv;
+
+  /**
+   * Public key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP reserve_pub;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected HTTP response code.
+   */
+  unsigned int expected_response_code;
+
+  /**
+   * Interpreter state.
+   */
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Check that the reserve balance and HTTP response code are
+ * both acceptable.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param rs HTTP response details
+ */
+static void
+reserve_attest_cb (void *cls,
+                   const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveAttest *rs)
+{
+  struct AttestState *ss = cls;
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is = ss->is;
+  struct TALER_Amount eb;
+
+  ss->rsh = NULL;
+  if (ss->expected_response_code != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+                "Unexpected HTTP response code: %d in %s:%u\n",
+                rs->hr.http_status,
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__);
+    json_dumpf (rs->hr.reply,
+                stderr,
+                JSON_INDENT (2));
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (ss->is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Run the command.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command being executed.
+ * @param is the interpreter state.
+ */
+static void
+attest_run (void *cls,
+            const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd,
+            struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  struct AttestState *ss = cls;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
+
+  ss->is = is;
+  create_reserve
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
+                                                ss->reserve_reference);
+
+  if (NULL == create_reserve)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_reserve_priv (create_reserve,
+                                            &ss->reserve_priv))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_LOG_ERROR ("Failed to find reserve_priv for attest query\n");
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
+                                      &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest (is->exchange,
+                                            ss->reserve_priv,
+                                            &reserve_attest_cb,
+                                            ss);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Cleanup the state from a "reserve attest" CMD, and possibly
+ * cancel a pending operation thereof.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command which is being cleaned up.
+ */
+static void
+attest_cleanup (void *cls,
+                const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd)
+{
+  struct AttestState *ss = cls;
+
+  if (NULL != ss->rsh)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                "Command %u (%s) did not complete\n",
+                ss->is->ip,
+                cmd->label);
+    TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_attest_cancel (ss->rsh);
+    ss->rsh = NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_free (ss);
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_attest (const char *label,
+                                  const char *reserve_reference,
+                                  unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                  ...)
+{
+  struct AttestState *ss;
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != reserve_reference);
+  ss = GNUNET_new (struct AttestState);
+  ss->reserve_reference = reserve_reference;
+  ss->expected_balance = expected_balance;
+  ss->expected_response_code = expected_response_code;
+  {
+    struct TALER_TESTING_Command cmd = {
+      .cls = ss,
+      .label = label,
+      .run = &attest_run,
+      .cleanup = &attest_cleanup
+    };
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b7293754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+  This file is part of TALER
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+
+  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+  License along with TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_close.c
+ * @brief Implement the /reserve/$RID/close test command.
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "taler_json_lib.h"
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_testing_lib.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * State for a "close" CMD.
+ */
+struct CloseState
+{
+  /**
+   * Label to the command which created the reserve to check,
+   * needed to resort the reserve key.
+   */
+  const char *reserve_reference;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle to the "reserve close" operation.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesCloseHandle *rsh;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected reserve balance.
+   */
+  const char *expected_balance;
+
+  /**
+   * Private key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv;
+
+  /**
+   * Public key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP reserve_pub;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected HTTP response code.
+   */
+  unsigned int expected_response_code;
+
+  /**
+   * Interpreter state.
+   */
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Check that the reserve balance and HTTP response code are
+ * both acceptable.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param rs HTTP response details
+ */
+static void
+reserve_close_cb (void *cls,
+                  const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveClose *rs)
+{
+  struct CloseState *ss = cls;
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is = ss->is;
+  struct TALER_Amount eb;
+
+  ss->rsh = NULL;
+  if (ss->expected_response_code != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+                "Unexpected HTTP response code: %d in %s:%u\n",
+                rs->hr.http_status,
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__);
+    json_dumpf (rs->hr.reply,
+                stderr,
+                JSON_INDENT (2));
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (ss->is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Run the command.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command being executed.
+ * @param is the interpreter state.
+ */
+static void
+close_run (void *cls,
+           const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd,
+           struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  struct CloseState *ss = cls;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
+
+  ss->is = is;
+  create_reserve
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
+                                                ss->reserve_reference);
+
+  if (NULL == create_reserve)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_reserve_priv (create_reserve,
+                                            &ss->reserve_priv))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_LOG_ERROR ("Failed to find reserve_priv for close query\n");
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
+                                      &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close (is->exchange,
+                                           ss->reserve_priv,
+                                           &reserve_close_cb,
+                                           ss);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Cleanup the state from a "reserve close" CMD, and possibly
+ * cancel a pending operation thereof.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command which is being cleaned up.
+ */
+static void
+close_cleanup (void *cls,
+               const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd)
+{
+  struct CloseState *ss = cls;
+
+  if (NULL != ss->rsh)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                "Command %u (%s) did not complete\n",
+                ss->is->ip,
+                cmd->label);
+    TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_close_cancel (ss->rsh);
+    ss->rsh = NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_free (ss);
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_close (const char *label,
+                                 const char *reserve_reference,
+                                 const char *target_account,
+                                 unsigned int expected_response_code)
+{
+  struct CloseState *ss;
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != reserve_reference);
+  ss = GNUNET_new (struct CloseState);
+  ss->reserve_reference = reserve_reference;
+  ss->expected_balance = expected_balance;
+  ss->expected_response_code = expected_response_code;
+  {
+    struct TALER_TESTING_Command cmd = {
+      .cls = ss,
+      .label = label,
+      .run = &close_run,
+      .cleanup = &close_cleanup
+    };
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0cae832a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+  This file is part of TALER
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+
+  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+  License along with TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_get_attestable.c
+ * @brief Implement the /reserve/$RID/get_attestable test command.
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "taler_json_lib.h"
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_testing_lib.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * State for a "get_attestable" CMD.
+ */
+struct GetAttestableState
+{
+  /**
+   * Label to the command which created the reserve to check,
+   * needed to resort the reserve key.
+   */
+  const char *reserve_reference;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle to the "reserve get_attestable" operation.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesGetAttestableHandle *rsh;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected reserve balance.
+   */
+  const char *expected_balance;
+
+  /**
+   * Private key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv;
+
+  /**
+   * Public key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP reserve_pub;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected HTTP response code.
+   */
+  unsigned int expected_response_code;
+
+  /**
+   * Interpreter state.
+   */
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Check that the reserve balance and HTTP response code are
+ * both acceptable.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param rs HTTP response details
+ */
+static void
+reserve_get_attestable_cb (void *cls,
+                           const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveGetAttestable *rs)
+{
+  struct GetAttestableState *ss = cls;
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is = ss->is;
+  struct TALER_Amount eb;
+
+  ss->rsh = NULL;
+  if (ss->expected_response_code != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+                "Unexpected HTTP response code: %d in %s:%u\n",
+                rs->hr.http_status,
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__);
+    json_dumpf (rs->hr.reply,
+                stderr,
+                JSON_INDENT (2));
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (ss->is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Run the command.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command being executed.
+ * @param is the interpreter state.
+ */
+static void
+get_attestable_run (void *cls,
+                    const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd,
+                    struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  struct GetAttestableState *ss = cls;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
+
+  ss->is = is;
+  create_reserve
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
+                                                ss->reserve_reference);
+
+  if (NULL == create_reserve)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_reserve_priv (create_reserve,
+                                            &ss->reserve_priv))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_LOG_ERROR ("Failed to find reserve_priv for get_attestable query\n");
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
+                                      &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable (is->exchange,
+                                                    ss->reserve_priv,
+                                                    &reserve_get_attestable_cb,
+                                                    ss);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Cleanup the state from a "reserve get_attestable" CMD, and possibly
+ * cancel a pending operation thereof.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command which is being cleaned up.
+ */
+static void
+get_attestable_cleanup (void *cls,
+                        const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd)
+{
+  struct GetAttestableState *ss = cls;
+
+  if (NULL != ss->rsh)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                "Command %u (%s) did not complete\n",
+                ss->is->ip,
+                cmd->label);
+    TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_get_attestable_cancel (ss->rsh);
+    ss->rsh = NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_free (ss);
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_get_attestable (const char *label,
+                                          const char *reserve_reference,
+                                          unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                          ...)
+{
+  struct GetAttestableState *ss;
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != reserve_reference);
+  ss = GNUNET_new (struct GetAttestableState);
+  ss->reserve_reference = reserve_reference;
+  ss->expected_balance = expected_balance;
+  ss->expected_response_code = expected_response_code;
+  {
+    struct TALER_TESTING_Command cmd = {
+      .cls = ss,
+      .label = label,
+      .run = &get_attestable_run,
+      .cleanup = &get_attestable_cleanup
+    };
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..366d6b920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+  This file is part of TALER
+  Copyright (C) 2014-2022 Taler Systems SA
+
+  TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+  License along with TALER; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
+  <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file testing/testing_api_cmd_reserve_open.c
+ * @brief Implement the /reserve/$RID/open test command.
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "taler_json_lib.h"
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_curl_lib.h>
+#include "taler_testing_lib.h"
+
+
+/**
+ * State for a "open" CMD.
+ */
+struct OpenState
+{
+  /**
+   * Label to the command which created the reserve to check,
+   * needed to resort the reserve key.
+   */
+  const char *reserve_reference;
+
+  /**
+   * Handle to the "reserve open" operation.
+   */
+  struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReservesOpenHandle *rsh;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected reserve balance.
+   */
+  const char *expected_balance;
+
+  /**
+   * Private key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  const struct TALER_ReservePrivateKeyP *reserve_priv;
+
+  /**
+   * Public key of the reserve being analyzed.
+   */
+  struct TALER_ReservePublicKeyP reserve_pub;
+
+  /**
+   * Expected HTTP response code.
+   */
+  unsigned int expected_response_code;
+
+  /**
+   * Interpreter state.
+   */
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Check that the reserve balance and HTTP response code are
+ * both acceptable.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param rs HTTP response details
+ */
+static void
+reserve_open_cb (void *cls,
+                 const struct TALER_EXCHANGE_ReserveOpen *rs)
+{
+  struct OpenState *ss = cls;
+  struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is = ss->is;
+  struct TALER_Amount eb;
+
+  ss->rsh = NULL;
+  if (ss->expected_response_code != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+                "Unexpected HTTP response code: %d in %s:%u\n",
+                rs->hr.http_status,
+                __FILE__,
+                __LINE__);
+    json_dumpf (rs->hr.reply,
+                stderr,
+                JSON_INDENT (2));
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (ss->is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (MHD_HTTP_OK != rs->hr.http_status)
+  {
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  TALER_TESTING_interpreter_next (is);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Run the command.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command being executed.
+ * @param is the interpreter state.
+ */
+static void
+open_run (void *cls,
+          const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd,
+          struct TALER_TESTING_Interpreter *is)
+{
+  struct OpenState *ss = cls;
+  const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *create_reserve;
+
+  ss->is = is;
+  create_reserve
+    = TALER_TESTING_interpreter_lookup_command (is,
+                                                ss->reserve_reference);
+
+  if (NULL == create_reserve)
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (GNUNET_OK !=
+      TALER_TESTING_get_trait_reserve_priv (create_reserve,
+                                            &ss->reserve_priv))
+  {
+    GNUNET_break (0);
+    TALER_LOG_ERROR ("Failed to find reserve_priv for open query\n");
+    TALER_TESTING_interpreter_fail (is);
+    return;
+  }
+  GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (&ss->reserve_priv->eddsa_priv,
+                                      &ss->reserve_pub.eddsa_pub);
+  ss->rsh = TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open (is->exchange,
+                                          ss->reserve_priv,
+                                          &reserve_open_cb,
+                                          ss);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Cleanup the state from a "reserve open" CMD, and possibly
+ * cancel a pending operation thereof.
+ *
+ * @param cls closure.
+ * @param cmd the command which is being cleaned up.
+ */
+static void
+open_cleanup (void *cls,
+              const struct TALER_TESTING_Command *cmd)
+{
+  struct OpenState *ss = cls;
+
+  if (NULL != ss->rsh)
+  {
+    GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
+                "Command %u (%s) did not complete\n",
+                ss->is->ip,
+                cmd->label);
+    TALER_EXCHANGE_reserves_open_cancel (ss->rsh);
+    ss->rsh = NULL;
+  }
+  GNUNET_free (ss);
+}
+
+
+struct TALER_TESTING_Command
+TALER_TESTING_cmd_reserve_open (const char *label,
+                                const char *reserve_reference,
+                                const char *reserve_pay,
+                                struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative expiration_time,
+                                uint32_t min_purses,
+                                unsigned int expected_response_code,
+                                ...)
+{
+  struct OpenState *ss;
+
+  GNUNET_assert (NULL != reserve_reference);
+  ss = GNUNET_new (struct OpenState);
+  ss->reserve_reference = reserve_reference;
+  ss->expected_balance = expected_balance;
+  ss->expected_response_code = expected_response_code;
+  {
+    struct TALER_TESTING_Command cmd = {
+      .cls = ss,
+      .label = label,
+      .run = &open_run,
+      .cleanup = &open_cleanup
+    };
+
+    return cmd;
+  }
+}