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@c The GNU Affero General Public License.
@center Version 3, 19 November 2007
@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @url{http://fsf.org/}
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@end display
@heading Preamble
The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license
for software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are
designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By
contrast, our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your
freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it
remains free software for all its users.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
Developers that use our General Public Licenses protect your rights
with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer
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A secondary benefit of defending all users' freedom is that
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The GNU General Public License permits making a modified version and
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The GNU Affero General Public License is designed specifically to
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An older license, called the Affero General Public License and
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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@heading TERMS AND CONDITIONS
@enumerate 0
@item Definitions.
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``Copyright'' also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
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To ``propagate'' a work means to do anything with it that, without
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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
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similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
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When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
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@item Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
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keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
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terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
conditions:
@enumerate a
@item
The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
and giving a relevant date.
@item
The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This
requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to ``keep intact all
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@item
You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
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@item
If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
need not make them do so.
@end enumerate
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
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You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
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@enumerate a
@item
Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
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anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
@item
Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is
allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
6b.
@item
Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
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@item
Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
subsection 6d.
@end enumerate
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
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The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
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@item Additional Terms.
``Additional permissions'' are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
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under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
@enumerate a
@item
Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
@item
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attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
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@item
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
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@end enumerate
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered ``further
restrictions'' within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
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Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
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@item Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
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this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
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However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
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Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
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violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
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your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
@item Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
@item Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An ``entity transaction'' is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
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any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
@item Patents.
A ``contributor'' is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's ``contributor version''.
A contributor's ``essential patent claims'' are all patent claims owned
or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, ``control'' includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a ``patent license'' is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To ``grant'' such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
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actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is ``discriminatory'' if it does not include within the
scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
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license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
@item No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
from conveying the Program.
@item Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users interacting
with it remotely through a computer network (if your version supports such
interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding Source of your
version by providing access to the Corresponding Source from a network
server at no charge, through some standard or customary means of
facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source shall include
the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 of the GNU
General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the following
paragraph.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to
link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of
the GNU General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey
the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to
the part which is the covered work, but the work with which it is combined
will remain governed by version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
@item Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General Public
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU Affero General
Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
@item Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
@item Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
@item Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
@end enumerate
@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
@heading How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
@smallexample
@var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see @url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.
@end smallexample
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its
interface could display a ``Source'' link that leads users to an archive
of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different
solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
specific requirements.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
@url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}.

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@c The GNU Free Documentation License.
@center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@uref{http://fsf.org/}
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@end display
@enumerate 0
@item
PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
@item
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
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A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the
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The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies
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A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
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specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'',
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of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
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no effect on the meaning of this License.
@item
VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
@item
COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
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If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
@item
MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
@enumerate A
@item
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
@item
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
@item
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
@item
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
@item
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
@item
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
@item
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
@item
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
@item
Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
@item
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
@item
For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
@item
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
@item
Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
@item
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
@item
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
@end enumerate
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
@item
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all
sections Entitled ``Endorsements.''
@item
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
@item
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
@item
TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
@item
TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
@item
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
@item
RELICENSING
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site'' (or ``MMC Site'') means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
``Massive Multiauthor Collaboration'' (or ``MMC'') contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
``CC-BY-SA'' means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
``Incorporate'' means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
An MMC is ``eligible for relicensing'' if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
@end enumerate
@page
@heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
@smallexample
@group
Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
@end group
@end smallexample
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this:
@smallexample
@group
with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with
the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being @var{list}.
@end group
@end smallexample
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
@c Local Variables:
@c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict"
@c End:

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@c The GNU Lesser General Public License.
@center Version 2.1, February 1999
@c This file is intended to be included within another document,
@c hence no sectioning command or @node.
@display
Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
version number 2.1.]
@end display
@subheading Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
free software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
specially designated software---typically libraries---of the Free
Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use
it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this
license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to
use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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We call this license the @dfn{Lesser} General Public License because it
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For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
system.
Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
that program using a modified version of the Library.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
``work based on the library'' and a ``work that uses the library''. The
former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
be combined with the library in order to run.
@subheading TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
@enumerate 0
@item
This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program
which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other
authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
Lesser General Public License (also called ``this License''). Each
licensee is addressed as ``you''.
A ``library'' means a collection of software functions and/or data
prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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The ``Library'', below, refers to any such software library or work
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portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
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``Source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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@item
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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@item
You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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@enumerate a
@item
The modified work must itself be a software library.
@item
You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
@item
You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
@item
If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
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the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
in the event an application does not supply such function or
table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
its purpose remains meaningful.
(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
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That's all there is to it!

303
doc/manual/manual.texi
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@ -1,303 +0,0 @@
\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename manual.info
@include version.texi
@settitle The GNU Taler exchange operator tutorial @value{VERSION}
@c Define a new index for options.
@defcodeindex op
@c Combine everything into one index (arbitrarily chosen to be the
@c concept index).
@syncodeindex op cp
@c %**end of header
@copying
This manual is for the GNU Taler exchange (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}),
Copyright @copyright{} 2017 INRIA
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
``GNU Free Documentation License''.
@end quotation
@end copying
@c If your manual is published on paper by the FSF, it should include
@c The standard FSF Front-Cover and Back-Cover Texts, as given in
@c maintain.texi.
@c
@c Titlepage
@c
@titlepage
@title The GNU Taler exchange operator tutorial
@subtitle Version @value{VERSION}
@subtitle @value{UPDATED}
@author Marcello Stanisci (@email{marcello.stanisci@@inria.fr})
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage
@summarycontents
@contents
@ifnottex
@node Top
@top The GNU Taler manual for Web shops
@insertcopying
@end ifnottex
@menu
* Introduction:: Whom this manual is addressed to
* Installation:: Installing the exchange
* Configuration:: How to set up the exchange
Appendices
* GNU-LGPL:: The GNU Lesser General Public License says how you
can use the code of libtalermerchant.so in your own projects.
* GNU Affero GPL:: The Affero GNU General Public License says how you
can copy and share the Taler merchant backend.
* GNU-FDL:: The GNU Free Documentation License says how you
can copy and share the documentation of GNU Taler.
Indices
* Concept Index:: Index of concepts and programs.
@end menu
@node Introduction
@chapter Introduction
@section About GNU Taler
GNU Taler is an open protocol for an electronic payment system with a
free software reference implementation. GNU Taler offers secure, fast
and easy payment processing using well understood cryptographic
techniques. GNU Taler allows customers to remain anonymous, while
ensuring that merchants can be held accountable by governments.
Hence, GNU Taler is compatible with anti-money-laundering (AML) and
know-your-customer (KYC) regulation, as well as data protection
regulation (such as GDPR).
GNU Taler is not yet production-ready, after following this manual
you will have a working Taler exchange installed and configured.
@section About this manual
This tutorial targets system administrators who want to install a GNU Taler exchange.
We expect some moderate familiarity with the compilation and installation
of free software packages. An understanding of cryptography is not required.
@section Architecture overview
@node Installation
@menu
* generic-instructions:: Generic installation guidelines
@end menu
@chapter Installation
This chapter describes how to install the GNU Taler exchange.
@node generic-instructions
@section Generic instructions
This section provides generic instructions for the exchange
installation independent of any particular operating system.
Operating system specific instructions are provided in the following
sections. You should follow the operating system specific
instructions if those are available, and only consult the generic
instructions if no system-specific instructions are provided for your
specific operating system.
@subsection Installation of dependencies
The following packages need to be installed before we can compile the
backend:
@itemize
@item autoconf @math{\ge 2.69}
@item automake @math{\ge 1.14}
@item libtool @math{\ge 2.4}
@item autopoint @math{\ge 0.19}
@item libltdl @math{\ge 2.4}
@item libunistring @math{\ge 0.9.3}
@item libcurl @math{\ge 7.26} (or libgnurl @math{\ge 7.26})
@item GNU libmicrohttpd @math{\ge 0.9.39}
@item GNU libgcrypt @math{\ge 1.6}
@item libjansson @math{\ge 2.7}
@item Postgres @math{\ge 9.4}, including libpq
@item libgnunetutil (from Git)
@item GNU Taler exchange (from Git)
@end itemize
Except for the last two, these are available in most GNU/Linux
distributions and should just be installed using the respective
package manager.
The following sections will provide detailed instructions for
installing the libgnunetutil and GNU Taler exchange dependencies.
@subsection Installing libgnunetutil
@cindex GNUnet
Before you install libgnunetutil, you must download and install the
dependencies mentioned in the previous section, otherwise the build
may succeed but fail to export some of the tooling required by Taler.
To download and install libgnunetutil, proceed as follows:
@example
$ git clone https://gnunet.org/git/gnunet/
$ cd gnunet/
$ ./bootstrap
$ ./configure [--prefix=GNUNETPFX]
$ # Each dependency can be fetched from non standard locations via
$ # the '--with-<LIBNAME>' option. See './configure --help'.
$ make
# make install
@end example
If you did not specify a prefix, GNUnet will install to
@code{/usr/local}, which requires you to run the last step as
@code{root}.
@subsection Installing the GNU Taler exchange
@cindex exchange
After installing GNUnet, you can download and install
the exchange as follows:
@example
$ git clone git://taler.net/exchange
$ cd exchange
$ ./bootstrap
$ ./configure [--prefix=EXCHANGEPFX] \
[--with-gnunet=GNUNETPFX]
$ # Each dependency can be fetched from non standard locations via
$ # the '--with-<LIBNAME>' option. See './configure --help'.
$ make
# make install
@end example
If you did not specify a prefix, the exchange will install to
@code{/usr/local}, which requires you to run the last step as
@code{root}. Note that you have to specify
@code{--with-gnunet=/usr/local} if you installed GNUnet to
@code{/usr/local} in the previous step.
@node Configuration
@chapter How to configure the exchange
@section The configuration file
@cindex taler-config
@cindex taler.conf
The installation already provides reasonable defaults. The file
@code{$HOME/.config/taler.conf} is responsible of overriding defaults
values, or add new ones. The format of the configuration file is
the well-known INI file format. Nonetheless, the exchange takes a
@code{-c CONFIG} option that makes the file @code{CONFIG} ovveride
the defaults.
@cindex keys
@cindex denomination keys
@cindex auditor
@section Configuring keys
@subsection Denomination keys
@c FIXME TBD - NOTE, docs.taler.net contains already some text on this
@subsection Master key
@c FIXME TBD - NOTE, docs.taler.net contains already some text on this
@subsection Specifying auditors
In order to "add" any auditor to the list of the auditors accepted by
the exchange, it's required to (1) generate a cryptographic blob containing
metadata about the denomination keys, (2) ask the auditor to sign this blob,
and (3) copy the auditor signed blob to a exchange's dedicated directory.
The following command accomplishes step (1).
@example
taler-exchange-keyup -o blob
@end example
In production, step (2) is accomplished thanks to each auditor providing a RESTful
service that lets the exchange administrator upload the @code{blob} and get a signed
version of it.
Nonetheless, for testing purposes, the following command emulates a auditor's
signature that a exchange administrator can run locally.
@example
taler-auditor-sign -m EXCHANGE_MASTER_PUB -r BLOB -u AUDITOR_URI -o OUTPUT_FILE
@end example
The shown arguments are all mandatory.
@itemize
@item @code{EXCHANGE_MASTER_PUB} the base32 Crockford-encoded exchange's master
public key. Tipically, this value lies in the configuration option
@code{[exchange]/master_public_key}.
@item @code{BLOB} the blob generated in step (1).
@item @code{AUDITOR_URI} the URI that identifies the auditor.
@item @code{OUTPUT_FILE} where on the disk the signed blob is to be saved.
@end itemize
As of step (3), the signed blob must be copied into the dorectory specified
by the option @code{AUDITOR_BASE_DIR} under the section @code{[exchangedb]}.
Assuming @code{AUDITOR_BASE_DIR = $@{HOME@}/.local/share/taler/auditors}, the
following command will "add" a auditor to the exchange.
@example
# assuming that the file 'blob' is in the CWD
cp blob $@{HOME@}/.local/share/taler/auditors
@end example
If the auditor has been correctly added, the exchange's @code{/keys} response
must contain an entry in the @code{auditors} array mentioning the auditor's URI
specified at step (2) in the @code{-u} argument.
@section Wire formats
@c FIXME TBD - NOTE, docs.taler.net _might_ contain already some text on this
@c **********************************************************
@c ******************* Appendices *************************
@c **********************************************************
@node GNU-LGPL
@unnumbered GNU-LGPL
@cindex license
@cindex LGPL
@include lgpl.texi
@node GNU Affero GPL
@unnumbered GNU Affero GPL
@cindex license
@cindex Affero GPL
@include agpl.texi
@node GNU-FDL
@unnumbered GNU-FDL
@cindex license
@cindex GNU Free Documentation License
@include fdl-1.3.texi
@node Concept Index
@unnumbered Concept Index
@printindex cp
@bye

46
doc/taler-exchange.texi
View File

@ -656,7 +656,51 @@ the starting time of the @cite{(j-1)}-th key.
@node Keys generation @node Keys generation
@section Keys generation @section Keys generation
@c say where in the config lies the output directory of denom/signkeys. Once the configuration is properly set up, all the keys can be generated
by the tool @code{taler-exchange-keyup}. The following command generates denomkeys
and signkeys, plus the "blob" that is to be signed by the auditor.
@example
taler-exchange-keyup -o blob
@end example
@emph{blob} contains data about denomkeys that the exchange operator needs to
get signed by every auditor he wishes (or is forced to) work with.
In a normal scenario, an auditor must have some way of receiving the blob to
sign (Website, manual delivery, ..). Nonetheless, the exchange admin can fake
an auditor signature - for testing purposes - by running the following command
@example
taler-auditor-sign -m EXCHANGE_MASTER_PUB -r BLOB -u AUDITOR_URI -o OUTPUT_FILE
@end example
Those arguments are all mandatory.
@itemize
@item @code{EXCHANGE_MASTER_PUB} the base32 Crockford-encoded exchange's master
public key. Tipically, this value lies in the configuration option
@code{[exchange]/master_public_key}.
@item @code{BLOB} the blob generated in the previous step.
@item @code{AUDITOR_URI} the URI that identifies the auditor.
@item @code{OUTPUT_FILE} where on the disk the signed blob is to be saved.
@end itemize
@code{OUTPUT_FILE} must then be copied into the directory specified
by the option @code{AUDITOR_BASE_DIR} under the section @code{[exchangedb]}.
Assuming @code{AUDITOR_BASE_DIR = $@{HOME@}/.local/share/taler/auditors}, the
following command will "add" the auditor identified by @code{AUDITOR_URI} to
the exchange.
@example
cp OUTPUT_FILE $@{HOME@}/.local/share/taler/auditors
@end example
If the auditor has been correctly added, the exchange's @code{/keys} response
must contain an entry in the @code{auditors} array mentioning the auditor's URI.
@c FIXME: reference section about where keys are stored.
@node Database upgrades @node Database upgrades
@section Database upgrades @section Database upgrades