libbrandt/mp_pub.c

/* This file is part of libbrandt.
 * Copyright (C) 2016 GNUnet e.V.
 *
 * libbrandt is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
 * version.
 *
 * libbrandt is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
 * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 * libbrandt.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/**
 * @file mp_pub.c
 * @brief Implementation of the m+1st price public outcome algorithm.
 * @author Markus Teich
 */

#include "platform.h"

#include <gcrypt.h>

#include "crypto.h"
#include "internals.h"
#include "util.h"


void
mp_pub_prep_outcome (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad)
{
	gcry_mpi_t       factor = gcry_mpi_new (256);
	gcry_mpi_point_t subtr = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t tmpa = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t tmpb = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t *tlta1;
	gcry_mpi_point_t *tltb1;
	gcry_mpi_point_t **tlta2;
	gcry_mpi_point_t **tltb2;
	gcry_mpi_point_t **tlta3;
	gcry_mpi_point_t **tltb3;

	ad->gamma3 = smc_init3 (ad->n, 2, ad->k);
	brandt_assert (ad->gamma3);

	ad->delta3 = smc_init3 (ad->n, 2, ad->k);
	brandt_assert (ad->delta3);

	/* create temporary lookup tables with partial sums */
	tlta1 = smc_init1 (ad->k);
	tltb1 = smc_init1 (ad->k);
	tlta2 = smc_init2 (ad->n, ad->k);
	tltb2 = smc_init2 (ad->n, ad->k);
	tlta3 = smc_init2 (ad->n, ad->k);
	tltb3 = smc_init2 (ad->n, ad->k);

	/* temporary lookup table for first summand (building ladder of bids) */
	for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ad->n; i++)
	{
		smc_sums_partial (tlta3[i], ad->alpha[i], ad->k, 1, 1);
		smc_sums_partial (tltb3[i], ad->beta[i], ad->k, 1, 1);
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			gcry_mpi_ec_sub (tlta2[i][j],
			                 tlta3[i][ad->k - 1],
			                 tlta3[i][j],
			                 ec_ctx);
			gcry_mpi_ec_sub (tltb2[i][j],
			                 tltb3[i][ad->k - 1],
			                 tltb3[i][j],
			                 ec_ctx);
		}
		brandt_assert (!ec_point_cmp (ec_zero, tlta2[i][ad->k - 1]));
		brandt_assert (!ec_point_cmp (ec_zero, tltb2[i][ad->k - 1]));
	}
	for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
	{
		/* 2L - 2I */
		smc_sum (tmpa, &tlta2[0][j], ad->n, ad->k);
		smc_sum (tmpb, &tltb2[0][j], ad->n, ad->k);
		gcry_mpi_ec_mul (tlta1[j], GCRYMPI_CONST_TWO, tmpa, ec_ctx);
		gcry_mpi_ec_mul (tltb1[j], GCRYMPI_CONST_TWO, tmpb, ec_ctx);

		/* I */
		smc_sum (tmpa, &ad->alpha[0][j], ad->n, ad->k);
		smc_sum (tmpb, &ad->beta[0][j], ad->n, ad->k);

		/* 2L - 2I + I = 2L - I */
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (tlta1[j], tlta1[j], tmpa, ec_ctx);
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (tltb1[j], tltb1[j], tmpb, ec_ctx);
	}
	brandt_assert (!ec_point_cmp (tmpa, tlta1[ad->k - 1]));
	brandt_assert (!ec_point_cmp (tmpb, tltb1[ad->k - 1]));

	/* compute subtrahend: (2M+1)G */
	gcry_mpi_set_ui (factor, ad->m);
	gcry_mpi_lshift (factor, factor, 1);
	gcry_mpi_add_ui (factor, factor, 1);
	gcry_mpi_ec_mul (subtr, factor, ec_gen, ec_ctx);

	/* compute gamma and delta for price determination */
	for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
	{
		/* compute inner gamma */
		gcry_mpi_ec_sub (tmpa, tlta1[j], subtr, ec_ctx);

		/* inner delta */
		ec_point_copy (tmpb, tltb1[j]);

		/* copy unmasked outcome to all other bidder layers so they don't
		 * have to be recomputed to check the ZK proof_2dle's from other
		 * bidders when receiving their outcome messages */
		for (uint16_t a = 0; a < ad->n; a++)
		{
			ec_point_copy (ad->gamma3[a][0][j], tmpa);
			ec_point_copy (ad->delta3[a][0][j], tmpb);
		}
	}

	/* gamma and delta for winner determination: compute
	 * @f$\sum_{h=1}^n\sum_{d=j+1}^k2^{h-1}b_h@f and store it in every bidders gamma and
	 * delta, since it is needed each time a gamma,delta pair is received from
	 * another bidder. */
	for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ad->n; i++)
	{
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			/* initialize with zeroes, since we are calculating a sum */
			ec_point_copy (ad->gamma3[i][1][j], ec_zero);
			ec_point_copy (ad->delta3[i][1][j], ec_zero);
		}
	}
	gcry_mpi_set_ui (factor, 1);
	for (uint16_t h = 0; h < ad->n; h++)
	{
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			for (uint16_t d = j + 1; d < ad->k; d++)
			{
				gcry_mpi_ec_mul (tmpa, factor, ad->alpha[h][d], ec_ctx);
				gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->gamma3[0][1][j],
				                 ad->gamma3[0][1][j],
				                 tmpa,
				                 ec_ctx);
				gcry_mpi_ec_mul (tmpb, factor, ad->beta[h][d], ec_ctx);
				gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->delta3[0][1][j],
				                 ad->delta3[0][1][j],
				                 tmpb,
				                 ec_ctx);
			}
		}
		gcry_mpi_lshift (factor, factor, 1);
	}
	/* copy component to all bidders so they don't have to be recomputed */
	for (uint16_t a = 1; a < ad->n; a++)
	{
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			ec_point_copy (ad->gamma3[a][1][j], ad->gamma3[0][1][j]);
			ec_point_copy (ad->delta3[a][1][j], ad->delta3[0][1][j]);
		}
	}

	gcry_mpi_release (factor);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (subtr);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmpa);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmpb);
	smc_free1 (tlta1, ad->k);
	smc_free1 (tltb1, ad->k);
	smc_free2 (tlta2, ad->n, ad->k);
	smc_free2 (tltb2, ad->n, ad->k);
	smc_free2 (tlta3, ad->n, ad->k);
	smc_free2 (tltb3, ad->n, ad->k);
}


/**
 * mp_pub_compute_outcome computes encrypted outcome shares and packs them into
 * a message buffer together with proofs of correctnes.
 *
 * @param[in] ad Pointer to the BRANDT_Auction struct to operate on
 * @param[out] buflen Size of the returned message buffer in bytes
 * @return A buffer containing the encrypted outcome vectors
 * which needs to be broadcast
 */
unsigned char *
mp_pub_compute_outcome (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad, size_t *buflen)
{
	unsigned char     *ret;
	unsigned char     *cur;
	struct msg_head   *head;
	gcry_mpi_point_t  tmpa = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t  tmpb = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	struct ec_mpi     *gamma;
	struct ec_mpi     *delta;
	struct proof_2dle *proof2;

	brandt_assert (ad && buflen);

	*buflen = (sizeof (*head) +        /* msg header */
	           ad->k *                 /* k * (gamma, delta, proof2) */
	           (sizeof (*gamma) + sizeof (*delta) + sizeof (*proof2)));
	ret = GNUNET_new_array (*buflen, unsigned char);

	head = (struct msg_head *)ret;
	head->prot_version = htonl (0);
	head->msg_type = htonl (msg_outcome);
	cur = ret + sizeof (*head);

	for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
	{
		gamma = (struct ec_mpi *)cur;
		delta = &((struct ec_mpi *)cur)[1];
		proof2 = (struct proof_2dle *)(cur + 2 * sizeof (struct ec_mpi));

		/* only send the price determination gamma,delta pair, since the winner
		 * determination pair can and will be computed by the receiver */
		ec_point_copy (tmpa, ad->gamma3[ad->i][0][j]);
		ec_point_copy (tmpb, ad->delta3[ad->i][0][j]);

		/* apply random masking for losing bidders */
		smc_zkp_2dle (ad->gamma3[ad->i][0][j],
		              ad->delta3[ad->i][0][j],
		              tmpa,
		              tmpb,
		              NULL,
		              proof2);

		ec_point_serialize (gamma, ad->gamma3[ad->i][0][j]);
		ec_point_serialize (delta, ad->delta3[ad->i][0][j]);

		/* compute own winner determination gamma,delta pair */
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->gamma3[ad->i][1][j],
		                 ad->gamma3[ad->i][0][j],
		                 ad->gamma3[ad->i][1][j],
		                 ec_ctx);
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->delta3[ad->i][1][j],
		                 ad->delta3[ad->i][0][j],
		                 ad->delta3[ad->i][1][j],
		                 ec_ctx);

		cur += sizeof (*gamma) + sizeof (*delta) + sizeof (*proof2);
	}

	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmpa);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmpb);
	return ret;
}


int
mp_pub_recv_outcome (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad,
                     const unsigned char   *buf,
                     size_t                buflen,
                     uint16_t              sender)
{
	int                 ret = 0;
	const unsigned char *cur = buf;
	struct proof_2dle   *proof2;
	gcry_mpi_point_t    gamma = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t    delta = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);

	brandt_assert (ad && buf);

	if (buflen != (ad->k * (2 * sizeof (struct ec_mpi) + sizeof (*proof2))))
	{
		GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
		                 "libbrandt",
		                 "wrong size of received outcome\n");
		goto quit;
	}

	for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
	{
		ec_point_parse (gamma, (struct ec_mpi *)cur);
		ec_point_parse (delta, &((struct ec_mpi *)cur)[1]);
		proof2 = (struct proof_2dle *)(cur + 2 * sizeof (struct ec_mpi));
		if (smc_zkp_2dle_check (gamma,
		                        delta,
		                        ad->gamma3[sender][0][j],
		                        ad->delta3[sender][0][j],
		                        proof2))
		{
			GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
			                 "libbrandt",
			                 "wrong zkp2 for gamma, delta received\n");
			goto quit;
		}
		ec_point_copy (ad->gamma3[sender][0][j], gamma);
		ec_point_copy (ad->delta3[sender][0][j], delta);

		/* compute winner determination gamma,delta pair */
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->gamma3[sender][1][j],
		                 ad->gamma3[sender][0][j],
		                 ad->gamma3[sender][1][j],
		                 ec_ctx);
		gcry_mpi_ec_add (ad->delta3[sender][1][j],
		                 ad->delta3[sender][0][j],
		                 ad->delta3[sender][1][j],
		                 ec_ctx);

		cur += 2 * sizeof (struct ec_mpi) + sizeof (*proof2);
	}

	ret = 1;
quit:
	gcry_mpi_point_release (gamma);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (delta);
	return ret;
}


void
mp_pub_prep_decryption (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad)
{
	gcry_mpi_point_t tmp_price = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t tmp_winner = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);

	ad->phi3 = smc_init3 (ad->n, 2, ad->k);
	brandt_assert (ad->phi3);

	for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
	{
		smc_sum (tmp_price, &ad->delta3[0][0][j], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);
		smc_sum (tmp_winner, &ad->delta3[0][1][j], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);

		/* copy still encrypted outcome to all other bidder layers so they
		 * don't have to be recomputed to check the ZK proof_2dle's from
		 * other bidders when receiving their outcome decryption messages */
		for (uint16_t a = 0; a < ad->n; a++)
		{
			ec_point_copy (ad->phi3[a][0][j], tmp_price);
			ec_point_copy (ad->phi3[a][1][j], tmp_winner);
		}
	}

	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmp_price);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmp_winner);
}


/**
 * mp_pub_decrypt_outcome decrypts part of the outcome and packs it into a
 * message buffer together with proofs of correctnes.
 *
 * @param[in] ad Pointer to the BRANDT_Auction struct to operate on
 * @param[out] buflen Size of the returned message buffer in bytes
 * @return A buffer containing the own share of the decrypted outcome
 * which needs to be broadcast
 */
unsigned char *
mp_pub_decrypt_outcome (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad, size_t *buflen)
{
	unsigned char     *ret;
	unsigned char     *cur;
	gcry_mpi_point_t  tmp = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	struct msg_head   *head;
	struct ec_mpi     *phi;
	struct proof_2dle *proof2;

	brandt_assert (ad && buflen);

	*buflen = (sizeof (*head) + 2 * ad->k * (sizeof (*phi) + sizeof (*proof2)));
	ret = GNUNET_new_array (*buflen, unsigned char);

	head = (struct msg_head *)ret;
	head->prot_version = htonl (0);
	head->msg_type = htonl (msg_decrypt);
	cur = ret + sizeof (*head);

	/* decrypt price and winner components */
	for (uint16_t comp = 0; comp < 2; comp++)
	{
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			phi = (struct ec_mpi *)cur;
			proof2 = (struct proof_2dle *)(cur + sizeof (*phi));

			ec_point_copy (tmp, ad->phi3[ad->i][comp][j]);

			/* decrypt outcome component and prove the correct key was used */
			smc_zkp_2dle (ad->phi3[ad->i][comp][j],
			              NULL,
			              tmp,
			              ec_gen,
			              ad->x,
			              proof2);

			ec_point_serialize (phi, ad->phi3[ad->i][comp][j]);

			cur += sizeof (*phi) + sizeof (*proof2);
		}
	}

	gcry_mpi_point_release (tmp);
	return ret;
}


int
mp_pub_recv_decryption (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad,
                        const unsigned char   *buf,
                        size_t                buflen,
                        uint16_t              sender)
{
	int                 ret = 0;
	const unsigned char *cur = buf;
	struct proof_2dle   *proof2;
	gcry_mpi_point_t    phi = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);

	brandt_assert (ad && buf);

	if (buflen != (2 * ad->k * (sizeof (struct ec_mpi) + sizeof (*proof2))))
	{
		GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
		                 "libbrandt",
		                 "wrong size of received outcome decryption\n");
		goto quit;
	}

	/* handle received price and winner components */
	for (uint16_t comp = 0; comp < 2; comp++)
	{
		for (uint16_t j = 0; j < ad->k; j++)
		{
			ec_point_parse (phi, (struct ec_mpi *)cur);
			proof2 = (struct proof_2dle *)(cur + sizeof (struct ec_mpi));

			if (smc_zkp_2dle_check (phi,
			                        ad->y[sender],
			                        ad->phi3[sender][comp][j],
			                        ec_gen,
			                        proof2))
			{
				GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
				                 "libbrandt",
				                 "wrong zkp2 for phi, y received\n");
				goto quit;
			}
			ec_point_copy (ad->phi3[sender][comp][j], phi);
			cur += sizeof (struct ec_mpi) + sizeof (*proof2);
		}
	}

	ret = 1;
quit:
	gcry_mpi_point_release (phi);
	return ret;
}


struct BRANDT_Result *
mp_pub_determine_outcome (struct BRANDT_Auction *ad,
                          uint16_t              *len)
{
	struct BRANDT_Result *ret;
	int32_t              price = -1;
	uint16_t             cur_winner = 0;
	int                  dlogi = -1;
	gcry_mpi_point_t     sum_gamma = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);
	gcry_mpi_point_t     sum_phi = gcry_mpi_point_new (0);

	brandt_assert (ad);

	for (uint16_t j = ad->k - 1; j >= 0; j--)
	{
		smc_sum (sum_gamma, &ad->gamma3[0][0][j], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);
		smc_sum (sum_phi, &ad->phi3[0][0][j], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);
		gcry_mpi_ec_sub (sum_gamma, sum_gamma, sum_phi, ec_ctx);
		/* first zero component determines the price */
		if (!ec_point_cmp (sum_gamma, ec_zero))
		{
			price = j;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (-1 == price)
		return NULL;

	/* extract winners point for the winning price */
	smc_sum (sum_gamma, &ad->gamma3[0][1][price], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);
	smc_sum (sum_phi, &ad->phi3[0][1][price], ad->n, 2 * ad->k);
	gcry_mpi_ec_sub (sum_gamma, sum_gamma, sum_phi, ec_ctx);

	dlogi = GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dlog (ec_dlogctx, sum_gamma);
	brandt_assert (dlogi > 0);

	/* all bidders participated with a multiplicative share */
	dlogi /= ad->n;

	price = price / ad->n;
	ret = GNUNET_new_array (ad->m, struct BRANDT_Result);

	/* can only support up to bits(dlogi) bidders */
	brandt_assert (sizeof (int) * 8 > ad->n);
	for (uint16_t i = 0; i < ad->n; i++)
	{
		/* a set bit determines a winner */
		if (dlogi & (1 << i))
		{
			if (cur_winner >= ad->m)
			{
				GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
				                 "libbrandt",
				                 "too many winners detected\n");
				GNUNET_free (ret);
				ret = NULL;
				goto quit;
			}

			ret[cur_winner].bidder = i;
			ret[cur_winner].price = price;
			ret[cur_winner].status = BRANDT_bidder_won;
			cur_winner++;
		}
	}

	if (cur_winner != ad->m)
	{
		GNUNET_log_from (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
		                 "libbrandt",
		                 "too few winners detected\n");
		GNUNET_free (ret);
		ret = NULL;
		goto quit;
	}

	if (len)
		*len = ad->m;
quit:
	gcry_mpi_point_release (sum_gamma);
	gcry_mpi_point_release (sum_phi);
	return ret;
}